- 1. Noun phrases is constraction function as subject and object .
2. Noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words
containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or
pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
- Kinds of noun phrases :
a. Noun + Noun, example : Office boy
b. Verb + Noun, example : Take a bath
c. Gerund + Noun, example : Throwing ball
d. Pronoun + Noun, example : My book
e. Adjective + Noun, example : Black board
f. Determiner + Noun, example : A pen
- The noun phrases in English composed petenhally of 3 parts, there are :
a. Head : The most usual kind of head of a noun phrases.
b. Pre Modification : Consists of a number of word classes in a specific order.
c. Post Modification : Must commonly used not by specific word classes or subclasses.
Example 1 :
Shaggy : Do you like books ?
Jojo : Yes, I like them.
Shaggy : Do you like books over there?
Jojo : Yes, they are nice.
Shaggy : Do you like the book which I brought yesterday?
Jojo : Yes, I like it.
Example 2 :
- Nicko was late
( Nicko is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb)
- Some noun phrase are short :
* The student
- Some are long :
* The very tall education consultant.
Giving Instructions
Giving instructions is use to order to do something to some one.
Kinds of Giving Instructions :
Verb 1 :
Example : 1. Wash your hand !
2. Eat your meal !
3. Sit down !
Be + adjective/ noun
Example : 1. Be your self !
2. Be a good student !
3. Be happy !
4. Be strong !
Don’t + v. infinitive
Example : 1. Don’t eat !
2. Don’t forget !
No+ verb (ing)
Example : 1. No smooking !
2. No swimming !
Notes : 1. Use to make the intruction more explicit.
2. Use word please to make the intruction more polite.
Modals in the past form
Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.
Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall
*Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Nia : I’m having trouble with math.
Rizki : Why don’t you ask Novita ?
Perhaps she could help you.
*Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibillities.
Example :
Helda : Why is
Fany : He might get a flat time.
*Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Yoan : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Lia : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore.
*Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Mrs. Lady : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Nita : No, Not at all.
*Should + Verb base
Example :
Nisa : Ima , you should go to library now ?
Ima : O.k.
Descriptive text is a kind of text to describe a particular person, place or thing.
The generic structure of Descriptive text :
Ø Identification :
Identifies phenomenon to be described.
Ø Description :
Describes part qualities and characteristic.
Linguistic features :
Specific participants.
Linking verbs.
Simple present.
Adjective.
Noun phrase.
Example of Descriptive text :
My lovely home
My house is only a five minutes walk from school.
It’s not very big, but very cosy and quiet. This is the place where we can relase and find our own space. In our home, we really enjoy our relaxing time from the pressure of school and work.
It has a nice and warm living room. There is a beautiful painting of scenery hanging on the wall. My father is a keen gardener. He puts some pots of indoor plants near the door. In a low cabinet, you will see the trophies, pictures of my family, small toys,and some books.
I am lucky to have a room to myself. I paint the wall olive green. It’s my favourite colour. There is desk. I do my homework there. I also put a portable radio-tape there.
The kitchen is my mother’s domain. My mother keeps it clean all day. There is a blue wall cabinet in it. It harmonizes with the grey wall tiles.
However, only few will give my home a second glance. Still we are very proud of it. It many not be a perfect one but, all the same, it is home sweet home.
Making appointment
Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to conduct an appointment.
Kind of appointment expression are :
1. Making an appointment.
§ I’d like to make an appointment with……….
§ I want to make an appointment to see…………..
§ I’d like you to come and see me.
§ Can we meet at………..
§ Can I come and see you?
2. Accepting an appointment.
§ All right, see you there.
§ I’ll be there.
§ Be there on time.
§ OK, wait a minute.
§ Yes, I’ll come.
§ I’ll wait for you there.
§ No problem, I’m free on.
§ It’s a deal.
§ Surely.
3. Cancelling an appointment.
§ I’m sorry, I can’t.
§ I’m sorry, I’m very busy.
§ I’m terrible sorry, I have to put of my appointment.
§ I’m sorry, I can’t come to meet you, because I must to do something.
4. Changing an appointment.
§ What about…………….?
§ Is that OK if we meet at 10.00am tomorrow.
§ Do you have another time this afternoon?
§ Could we change the day (time) of the meeting?
§ Would you mind if we change the day (time) of the meeting?
GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION
Gratitude is an expression that we show to other people when that people has done a good work which use full for us, when that people has given us something that we like some much, when that people wishs us something or when that people give a compliment for us.
Gratitude the way said thank you to other people
To express gratitude, you can say
- thank you very much
- I am greateful (to….)
- I want to thank …..
- I want to express my gratitude to ….
- I keep forgetting to thank you for ….
Responding of expressing :
- You are welcome
- Don’t mention it
- Not at all
- It was nothing at all
- No problem
- Glad to be of help
- (it, was) my pleasure
- I’m glad I could …..
Compliment
To give praising to other people, some people use compliment to “better up” someday or to flatter in order to increase good will. You compliment someone.
We compliment someone, for example :
- on his/her general appereance
- if you notice something about the persons appereance
- when you visit someone house, for the first time
- when other people do their best
To compliment someone, we can say :
- what a nice dress
- you look great
- you look very nice
- I really express my admiration for you dance
- Good grades!
- Exelent!
- Nice work!
Congratulation
Is an expression that we show to other people when he/she succed doing something or when other people hold their holiday.
Expressing
- Congratulation
- Happy birthday
- Happy new year
- Happy valentine
- Well done
- That’s fantastic
Modals in the Past form
Modals in the past form : kata bantu pengandaian
dalam bentuk lampau.
Modals in the past are :
- Could – Would – Should – Shall
a).Could + verb base
We can use this expression : to offer seggestion or possibilities.
E.g
Era : I’m having trouble with math
Febi : Why don’t you ask puteri ?
Perhaps she could help you
b).Might + verb base
Use might to tell possibilities.
E.g
Vita : Why is
Vira : He might get a flat time.
c).Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
E.g
Ani : What did you usually do in holidays ?
Risa : I would visit my grandparent in the
village, but how not anymore.
d).Would + mind + V- ing
Use would to express polite request.
E.g
Mr. Herman : Would you mind posting the
letter
Vania : No, not at all
e).Should + verb base
E.g
Novi : Feli, you should go to libary now !!!!
Feli : O.k
